Finishing Cloth fresh from the loom is still unfinished. Unfinished woven or knitted fabrics are called gray goods goods. During the manufacturing processes, sizing may have been added to the warp, or the fabrics may have come in contact with oils and dirt.
Therefore, all gray goods must first be cleaned. After cleaning, many fabrics are then singed by passing the fabric through two gas flame bars or hot plates to remove fiber ends that may be sticking up from the surface. This ensures even color and prevents pilling. Fabrics made of natural fibers, particularly cotton, are bleached to remove color impurities. Fluorescent whitening compounds called optical brighteners may also be added in fabrics where bleach may not be effective.
Some cottons, linen, and rayons may be Mercerized This process treats the fabric with alkali to increase luster and Mercerized. Dying The most common finish is to add color by dyeing. To dye fabric by the bolt or roll is called piece dyeing. Dye is applied to fabric via hot water, steam or dry heat. Fabrics are dyed by one of three methods: circulating the fabric through a dye bath, circulating the dye bath around the fabric, or circulating both the day and the fabric together. Printing These fabrics are examples of prints The design is printed on them much like printing on paper.
An advanced rotary prints. Some finishing is functional - finishes may be applied to prevent wrinkling or to make the fabric stain-resistant. Many finishes are for aesthetic purposes - chintz and polished cotton are glazed simply to make the fabric shiny. Polartec fabric goes through a napping process. Millions of tiny needles raise the surface of the cloth and creates the lofty pile that gives fabric a three-dimensional surface. Stonewashed denim is tumbled with pumice or other abrasive hand, material.
Finally, all fabric is dried, inspected, and then wound on bolts ready for market. Understanding Fabrics Page 6 of 25 Blended Fabrics You have most likely noticed a label like this one on your clothing that indicates a blending of fibers.
Why blend? There are various reasons including performance, texture, and color effects. Performance of a fabric refers to qualities like durability, resistance to abrasion, and absorbency. Manufacturers can also control the absorbency of fabrics by blending them together. Fabrics are sometimes blended to create a desired texture.
For example, a small amount of rayon can be blended with cotton to give the fabric sheen and add softness. Sometimes fibers of different composition, color, and length are spun into one yarn. These are called intimate blend yarns. Intimate blend yarns are created to improve spinning efficiency and uniformity, or to get the most out of expensive fibers by blending them with less expensive fibers.
Understanding Fabrics Page 7 of 25 Interactive Element Scavenger Hunt Divide the class into small groups and allow each group one to several days to gather as many items on the list as possible.
The purpose of the scavenger hunt is to encourage students to look closely at fabrics and their descriptions. Only fabrics or pictures of fabrics are acceptable with the exception of item ten. Item ten requires students find a term in print in an ad, label, or clothing catalog. Mail order catalogs in which these terms are likely to be found include L. The items in boldface will require further research to identify.
Drill is a durable fabric much like denim, but heavier. Henrietta is a twill weave that imitates cashmere. Henrietta is a very soft fabric that drapes well. Faille is a plain weave fabric using heavier yarns in the weft than in the warp, creating diagonal ribs. Faille is lustrous and often made of silk, rayon, or acetate. Birdseye is a fabric made of twisted threads. It is also called diaper cloth. Birdseye has a design, often geometric with a dot at the center, resembling the eye of a bird.
Birdseye also is found with diamond designs. A fabric made of Tussah - Tussah is wild silk. Students can "translate" the sentence by looking up the word "polyamide" in a dictionary. Understanding Fabrics Page 8 of 25 Fabric Scavenger Hunt Your group should find as many examples of the listed fabrics as possible.
The team scoring the most points wins. Points are awarded only for an actual sample of the fabric or a very clear picture leaving no doubt the fabric is correct. Tie breakers will be especially difficult to find and are noted here by boldface type. One point each. Two points each 6 points maximum Find examples of fabrics that are not made to be worn sat on, stood on, or cleaned with.
Two points each 6 point maximum Find examples of fabrics that are NOT woven or knitted. One point each 2 point maximum Find examples of fabrics with printed patterns or designs. One point each 2 point maximum Find examples of fabrics with patterns or designs created by weaving.
Two points for each of the following: 20 points max seersucker calico drill percale tweed taffeta henrietta flannel oxford sateen 7.
Two points for each of the following knits: maximum 10 points jersey knit interlock double knit tricot birdseye 8. Three points for each maximum 18 points A percale fabric with a thread count more than A fabric with a thread count less than A film and a fiber made from the same raw materials A wool woven in a herringbone twill A denim fabric with no blue color A selvage Understanding Fabrics Page 9 of 25 One point each maximum 18 for clothing labels, advertisements, or text in a catalog for example, a mail order company such as L.
Bean describing clothing that contains any of the following phrases. Note: for this section you need not find the actual item or a picture, the words in print are acceptable. The word or phrase must be on a label or an ad or catalog selling clothing or other goods made of fabric. The words in a book, encyclopedia, or dictionary are not acceptable. Some words may be used more than once. Understanding Fabrics Page 11 of 25 Understanding Fabrics Page 12 of 25 Carding The process of taking rough, raw fibers and detangling and straightening them.
Hand How a fabric feels. Twill weave The weft yarns go under and over two or more warp yarns at regular intervals, creating a diagonal pattern. Seersucker Persian word meaning milk and honey.
Optical brighteners Fluorescent whitening compounds. Float The distance the yarn covers. Triaxial The weave in which yarns run in three directions. Gray goods Unfinished woven or knitted fabrics.
Muslin A coarse fabric with a count between and yarns per square inch. Stitches The loops made by knitting needles. Thread count Measures the number of warp and filling yarns in a given area of unfinished fabric. Selvage The uncut, finished edge of the fabric. Plain weave Simplest and least expensive weave. Bias The diagonal line that is created by the intersection of the warp and weft yarns. Spindle A stick used in making yarn.
Staples Short strands of fiber. Knitting Based on looping yarns together. Loom A machine which weaves yarns together to make fabric. Wale The diagonal line created in the twill weave. Percale Has a thread count between and Thread count 80 X 76 or Warp Lengthwise yarns. Weaving Means passing yarns over and under other yarns to create fabric. Weft Cross-wise yarns. Mercerized Process that treats the fabric with alkali to increase luster and softness, strengthen the fabric, and improve its ability to accept dye.
Felt A nonwoven fabric. Understanding Fabrics Page 13 of 25 Understanding Fabrics Quiz 1. Understanding Fabrics Quiz Answer Key 1.
B Yarn is made of a fabric, b fibers, c threads, d cloth. A Weaving, knitting, felting, and knotting are all means of making a fabric b fibers, c threads, d knits. D Fabric can be made out of a pineapple leaves, b cotton, c synthetic fibers, d all of the above. A Fibers are spun in order to a twist them into yarn, b create fabrics, c make yarn for knitting, d clean them. B The difference between knitting and weaving is a knits are handmade, weaves are machine loomed.
C Satin, twill, and plain are a types of fabric, b types of fibers, c types of weaves, d types of knits. A Thread count represents a the number of threads woven into each square inch of fabric. D Dye is applied to fabric via a hot water, b steam, c dry heat, d all of the above. B Which of the illustrations below shows a twill weave?
C Which of the illustrations below shows a satin weave? Understanding Fabrics Page 15 of 25 It is named for the 18th-century French linen weaver Jean Baptiste. Today, the fabric may be made of fine wool, silk, polyester, or cotton blend fabrics, but is most commonly sheer, fine, mercerized cotton. It may be used for blouses dresses and lingerie. Canvas is strong plain-woven cotton used as a home decorating fabric. Chenille is a fur-like textured fabric made of cotton, silk, rayon, or wool.
The warp threads are woven in groups. Created in France in the late 17th century, the fabric may be used as upholstery and clothing. Corduroy is made of durable cotton or rayon velvet and has wide or narrow wales, cords, or ribs. First used as work clothes but now popular as casual dress. Denim is a twill weave cotton fabric. It may also be cotton blended with rayon, polyester, or spandex.
First worn as work wear, denim is popular as dresses, skirts, jackets, and trousers. Eyelet fabrics have small cutouts with stitching around the edges of the cut.
It may be a twill or plain weave. The face is brushed to create a soft, plush nap. It is often used for underwear, jackets, dresses, skirts, trousers, and pajamas.
Flannelette is soft cotton that is napped on one side. The fabric is used to make skirts, vests, jackets, tops, and home decorative items. Jersey is a soft, stretchy knitted fabric of cotton, nylon, rayon, wool, or other synthetic fibers. It was first used on the Channel Island of Jersey in the late 19th century as sportswear.
Shirting is made from long staple cotton and is used to make tailored shirts, pajamas and boxer shorts. Terrycloth is also called towelling. The cotton is woven with uncut loops on one side. It is typically used for towels but may also be used for beach wear or robes.
Voile is a fine, sheer plain weave fabric made of cotton, silk, wool or manufactured fibers. It is used to make blouses and dresses. Understanding Fabrics Page 16 of 25 Wallace H. Carothers, a scientist at Du Pont, invented nylon in Tulle was originally made of silk and may have originated in Toul France.
It is a fine fabric of hexagonal mesh. Tulle is often used dress and hat trimmings as well as bridal gowns. Polyester Invented: J. Winfield and J. Made of: Ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid Types of polyester fabrics and their uses: Eyelash is lightweight polyester knit with a hairy face.
It is used for sweaters, stoles, and scarves. Faux Fur comes in two weights: a silky low-pile rayon or polyester, and stiffer, long-pile polyester. The fabric may be used to make capes or craft items. Polyester Silky is as the name describes. It is suitable for blouses, dresses, and nightwear.
Understanding Fabrics Page 17 of 25 Lord had won a competition to name the artificial silk fabric. Made from: Cellulose Types of rayon fabrics and their uses: Gabardine is a registered tradename and is a twill weave fabric made of rayon, cotton, or silk.
Since the 19th century it has been used in suits, coats, dresses, and pants. Rayon Viscose is produced from wood pulp and is the most common type of rayon made.
It was patented in by the British chemists Cross, Bevan, and Beadle. This fabric is used to make full pants, full or A-line skirts, and dresses. Suaded Rayon is brushed and has a silk-like hand. It is used to make full pants, skirts, and shorts as well as unstructured tops.
Silk Invented: Silk originated in China. A silk worm cocoon fell in her cup. She played with the cocoon and discovered it unwound in a long thread.
Thus began sericulture the rearing of silkworms. However, evidence indicates silkworm breeding did not begin until several centuries later. Made from: the cocoon of the silk worm Types of silk fabrics and their uses: Brocade is a figured silk fabric with gold or silver woven into it to create a raised design.
It is often used in evening wear. Charmeuse is the trade name of a 20th century satin weave fabric of silk, cotton, polyester, or rayon. It may be used for blouses, pants, lingerie or piping. Chiffon is made of silk, rayon, or polyester. Silk chiffon has the best drape and is used to make full pants, loose tops, and flowing dresses.
China Silk is a plain weave silk. It is lightweight and suitable for garment linings. Damask is a durable, lustrous, reversible figured fabric. It is commonly used to make tablecloths and napkins. Color Cards and Color Books for this yarn are available.
Yarns sold by the pound may have their quantity adjusted before the order is sent to reflect the actual weight of what is being sent out. Cone weights may vary. View Full Details. Over 50 in stock. Add to Cart. Color Cards. Weaving Color Book. Mobile Navigation. Show search form. Because Rayon Chenille is crafted from wood pulp, most consider it to be a natural fiber. Order rayon chenille yarn for sale today.
Color swatches are displayed in alphabetical order by color name. The color card for this yarn can be found here. Cone weights may vary. Usual fluctuations run between 14 - 18 oz. If your project requires that you have an EXACT amount - please call us, we will make every effort to accommodate. Valley Rayon Chenille Yarn T his rayon chenille is made using colorfast dyes.
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